Kernicterus in newborns is primarily caused by which condition?

Kernicterus in newborns is primarily associated with excessive jaundice, which is the result of an elevated level of bilirubin in the blood. This condition can arise when bilirubin, a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, accumulates to dangerously high levels. In newborns, immature liver function often impairs the ability to process and excrete bilirubin efficiently, leading to jaundice and, if not managed, the risk of kernicterus.

Kernicterus occurs when this high level of bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neurological damage. This highlights the importance of monitoring bilirubin levels and addressing excessive jaundice early to prevent complications. By managing jaundice effectively, clinicians can prevent the progression to kernicterus, underscoring the critical link between early identification of jaundice and safeguarding a newborn's neurological health.