Short fingers, incurving of the fifth finger, and a wide space between the big toe and second toe are indicative of which condition?

The features of short fingers, incurving of the fifth finger, and a wide space between the big toe and second toe are characteristic of Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21. This condition arises from an extra chromosome 21 and is associated with a range of physical and developmental features.

Individuals with Down syndrome often exhibit distinct physical traits, including a characteristic hand structure where the fifth finger shows an incurving (clinodactyly), shorter overall finger length, and spaces between the toes, particularly between the first and second toes (sandal gap). These physical characteristics can help clinicians identify the syndrome even in the absence of genetic testing.

In contrast, Turner syndrome typically involves webbed neck, short stature, and various cardiac anomalies, and it primarily affects females due to the absence of one X chromosome. Klinefelter syndrome usually involves male patients with an extra X chromosome, leading to features such as tall stature and gynecomastia, but not the specific hand and toe characteristics mentioned. Marfan syndrome, on the other hand, is a connective tissue disorder that often results in tall stature and long limbs and fingers, but is not associated with the same distinctive digital features seen in Down syndrome. Thus, the described traits point specifically to