What can be a consequence of maternal Graves disease during pregnancy?

Maternal Graves disease, which is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, can lead to various complications during pregnancy. One significant consequence is the possibility of temporary hyperthyroidism in the newborn. This occurs because maternal antibodies cross the placenta, potentially stimulating the fetal thyroid gland. The newborn may exhibit signs of hyperthyroidism, including increased heart rate, irritability, and growth acceleration.

The other options do not accurately reflect the impacts of maternal Graves disease. Increased birth weight is not typically associated with this condition; rather, it can lead to low birth weight due to uncontrolled maternal hyperthyroidism. Additionally, while maternal Graves disease can influence the clinical course of pregnancy, it does not offer protection against prenatal infections. Lastly, it does not reduce the chances of premature birth; in fact, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism may increase the risk of preterm labor and other complications. Thus, temporary hyperthyroidism in the newborn is a well-established potential outcome linked to maternal Graves disease during pregnancy.