What condition commonly occurs in preterm infants due to lung development issues?

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant concern for preterm infants primarily due to their underdeveloped lungs. This condition arises when the fragile lung tissue becomes damaged, often as a result of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy which are typically required to support breathing in preterm infants. The development of BPD is further exacerbated by factors such as inflammation and injury to the lungs that can occur in conjunction with respiratory distress syndrome, a common condition in premature births.

The lungs of preterm infants have not fully developed the alveoli necessary for efficient gas exchange. As a result, the use of positive pressure ventilation can lead to barotrauma or volutrauma, contributing to lung injury and inflammation. Chronic oxygen therapy, while lifesaving, can result in additional oxidative stress to lung tissues.

BPD not only affects respiratory function, but it can also lead to long-term complications such as asthma and pulmonary issues later in life. Understanding the link between preterm birth and complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia is crucial for neonatal care providers in order to adopt preventive strategies and provide early interventions for this vulnerable population.