What is the congenital condition characterized by a facial birthmark and potential neurological abnormalities?

Sturge-Weber Syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by the presence of a facial birthmark, specifically a port-wine stain, typically located on the forehead and upper eyelid on one side of the face. In addition to the distinctive facial markings, this syndrome is associated with neurological abnormalities due to abnormal blood vessel development in the brain.

Individuals with Sturge-Weber Syndrome may experience various neurological issues, including seizures, developmental delays, and other cognitive impairments, which result from the underlying vascular malformations in the brain. The combination of the facial birthmark and these neurological manifestations is what primarily defines the syndrome.

While other conditions like neurofibromatosis and vascular malformation syndromes may have overlapping features, they do not specifically present with the same combination of facial birthmarks and neurological complications that are characteristic of Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Port-wine stain syndrome generally refers to the birthmark itself and does not encompass the neurological aspects associated with Sturge-Weber Syndrome.