What is the main risk associated with aspiration of particulate meconium during delivery?

The main risk associated with aspiration of particulate meconium during delivery is respiratory distress. When a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, especially if it contains particulate matter, this can lead to meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). This condition can obstruct the airway, interfere with normal gas exchange, and cause inflammation and irritation of the lung tissues. As a result, the infant may experience various degrees of respiratory distress, which can manifest as difficulty breathing, decreased oxygen saturation, and increased work of breathing.

Effective management of this condition often requires prompt assessment and intervention to support the infant's respiratory function, which may include clearing the airway and providing supplemental oxygen. Monitoring for other complications, such as persistent pulmonary hypertension, is also essential but primarily, the immediate concern is addressing respiratory distress stemming from the aspiration of meconium.