What should be suspected if the kidneys of a neonate are enlarged upon examination?

Enlargement of the kidneys in a neonate during examination can indicate a variety of underlying conditions that require further investigation. When kidneys are found to be enlarged, it is essential to assess the neonate’s overall health status and consider possible causes such as hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, or other structural anomalies.

Recognizing that this finding is likely not a normal variant is crucial; thus, the appropriate response involves initiating further diagnostic testing. This could include imaging studies such as an ultrasound to evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys, as well as potentially looking for signs of urinary obstruction, renal tumors, or other pathological processes.

Prompt evaluation and investigation are vital because an early diagnosis can lead to timely intervention, which is particularly important in the neonatal population where conditions can rapidly worsen. Therefore, the correct response highlights the need for immediate attention to this abnormal finding to ensure the neonate receives appropriate care.