Which delivery method is associated with lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome?

Vaginal delivery is associated with a lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) primarily because of the physiological processes involved during labor. When a neonate is delivered vaginally, the process aids in expelling fluid from the lungs and preparing the respiratory system for independent breathing. The compression of the thorax as the baby travels through the birth canal helps to clear pulmonary fluid, reducing the likelihood of complications such as RDS.

Additionally, during vaginal delivery, there is increased exposure to maternal hormones and beneficial bacteria, which can further support the immune system and respiratory function of the newborn. This natural transition also helps stimulate the production of surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, aiding in lung expansion and function after birth.

In contrast, other delivery methods, such as cesarean sections, may not provide these benefits since they can occur without the same labor process and compressive forces that help to clear fluid from the lungs. As a result, infants born via cesarean delivery may have higher rates of RDS. Thus, the method of delivery plays a crucial role in respiratory outcomes, with vaginal delivery being the most favorable in terms of reducing RDS.