Which drug is known to cause decreased birth weight and other detrimental effects on the fetus?

The drug that is known to cause decreased birth weight and other detrimental effects on the fetus is nicotine. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy can lead to various adverse effects on fetal development, including intrauterine growth restriction, which is often reflected as lower birth weight. The substance has harmful effects on blood flow to the placenta, which can compromise oxygen and nutrient delivery to the developing fetus. This can result not only in lower birth weights but also in increased risks of preterm birth, stillbirth, and neurodevelopmental issues later in life.

While cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana are also associated with negative pregnancy outcomes, nicotine is particularly linked to reduced birth weight as a direct result of its impact on the placental function and fetal development. Therefore, understanding the implications of nicotine use in pregnancy is crucial for promoting better maternal and child health outcomes.