Which maternal substance can lead to long-term developmental issues for the newborn?

Alcohol is recognized as a significant teratogen that can cause profound long-term developmental issues for the newborn. Exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can lead to a spectrum of disorders collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). These disorders can result in physical and intellectual disabilities, behavioral problems, and difficulties with learning and memory. The most severe form, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), is characterized by distinct facial features, growth deficiencies, and central nervous system problems.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is especially concerning because it can interfere with the normal development of the fetal brain and other organs at critical stages of pregnancy. Unlike some other substances, the effects of alcohol can persist throughout the child's life, making its impact particularly significant in the context of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Therefore, recognizing the dangers of alcohol use during pregnancy is crucial for preventing long-term developmental issues in the newborn.